نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1402)

The purpose of the study was to analyzing the effect of most important socio-cultural characteristics and as well as entrepreneurial self-efficacy on students' entrepreneurial intention considering resources-based view in Razi university (N = 1439). 178 students were selected as statistical sample using stratified sampling method (based on the gender) and Cochran's formula. The main tool of data gathering was a researcher-made questioner which its validity and reliability were confirmed using Content Validity Ratio (CVR≥ 0.75) and Cronbach alpha (α≥ 0.74). Data were analyzed using Excel 2013 and SPSS Ver.22 software. Findings showed that despite the male students have higher entrepreneurial intention than females, no significant difference was observed between them. However, this difference based on the variables of residence and marital status was significant. Univariate analyses of variance indicated that students' financial resources don't have significant effect on their entrepreneurial intention. However, when considering its interaction effect alongside self-efficacy, this effect becomes significant. In other word, by simultaneously increasing the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students and their financial resources, their entrepreneurial intention also improves significantly.

Creating a greenhouse for the production of agricultural products is one of the important strategies to ensure food security. However, greenhouse development faces various problems and obstacles. Therefore, the aim of the research is to investigate the production and development problems of greenhouse products in Kermanshah County. The statistical population included 100 active greenhouse owners in 2022, of which 80 were selected as a statistical sample using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The sampling method was simple random., the validity of which was confirmed by content validity and its reliability by Cronbach’s alpha (α≥0.81). The data collection method is field and descriptive-analytical. The obtained data were analyzed by methods such as descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation), inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis, uMann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis) . The findings of the exploratory factor analysis using the varimax method showed that the problems of production and development of greenhouse products can be identified in six factors: credit barriers, technical and consulting, educational and legal, production and export, infrastructural and sales. These factors explained a total of 64.98% of the variance of the dependent variable. According to the results obtained from the Kruskal Wallis test, there is a significant mean difference at the 95% level in the two education groups and the type of product produced in the greenhouse, respectively, in the two inhibiting factors of technical and consulting barriers and production and export barriers. Mann-Whitney test was not significant in any of the factors.

The theory of planned behavior includes important motivational variables that affect people's entrepreneurial intention, and these variables themselves are affected by other factors. Also, it seems that the effect of these two factors on these motivational variables is under the influence of the need for autonomy variable, and based on this, the present study was compiled. From the point of view of the objective, this research is applied and in terms of the method of data collection, it is considered to be a descriptive type of research that was implemented using the correlation-causal method. The data collection tool is a Likert-scale questionnaire that was distributed among the students of Khuzestan province using the Internet in a virtual and available method and in the form of a snowball, and 447 usable questionnaires were analyzed. The findings showed that entrepreneurial passion and perceived university support directly and indirectly through the motivational variables of the theory of planned behavior are effective on entrepreneurial intention. Also, the moderating role of the need for autonomy variable in the effect of entrepreneurial passion and perceived university support on entrepreneurial intention was confirmed. At the end, regarding to the research statements, some suggestions were presented. Among the most important ones, universities and the teachers were advised to have continuing support of training and incentive research programs like courses, fellowships, conferences etc. to create and develop an ecosystem for entrepreneurship and lunching business ventures by students.

With the development of entrepreneurship, new economic opportunities have emerged and new businesses have emerged. Researchers believe that entrepreneurial activities by women have a prominent role in the health of the nation's economy. In a short time, women were able to create huge changes in the economic development of countries by entering the business field. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of personal skills and entrepreneurship in order to transform from hybrid entrepreneurship to full-time entrepreneurship with an emphasis on experiential learning theory. The research method is applied according to the purpose and based on survey data collection. The statistical population of the research is women entrepreneurs active in Mazandaran province, 70 of whom were selected by convenience sampling. The research tool was a standard questionnaire taken from the research of Ferreira (2020). The method of data analysis is a structural equation model using SmartPLS software. The results showed that experiential learning has an effect on personal skills, entrepreneurial skills and the transition from hybrid entrepreneurship to full-time entrepreneurship. Personal skills and entrepreneurial skills have an effect on the transition from hybrid entrepreneurship to full-time entrepreneurship. Personal skills and entrepreneurial skills play a mediating role in the relationship between experiential learning and the transition from hybrid entrepreneurship to full-time entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested that women entrepreneurs should be given the necessary training in order to create personal and entrepreneurial knowledge and skills before entering full-time entrepreneurship and developing their competencies

The purpose of this mixed research was to investigate the development of knowledge-based agricultural companies in Kermanshah Province. The qualitative phase population consisted of CEOs, and experts of knowledge-based agricultural companies, 16 of whom were selected by purposeful snowball sampling. Data analysis of the qualitative phase was done using two stages of open and axial coding, which led to the identification of 31 barriers and 32 facilitators in the form of five categories of individual, institutional, professional, interactive-communicational and managerial factors. The statistical population of the quantitative phase was 61 people who had companies in various fields of agriculture in incubators and science and technology park of Kermanshah Province. Data analysis was done using force field analysis and SPSSwin20, Pathmakerver5.5 software. According to the results, the score of facilitating forces in four dimensions, individual, specialized, interaction-communication and management, was more than obstacles. Considering the strength of the facilitating forces, we can witness the development of agricultural knowledge-based companies in the future. In the institutional dimension, the score of obstacles was stronger. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the obstacles in this factor through proper planning and management. The result of the barriers score was reduced by identifying the executive actions. Based on these actions, it is possible to plan to remove the obstacles.

Entrepreneurship training can help improve a person's ability to innovate, create a business, and create a job. Therefore, having a mentor is essential to achieve the success of an entrepreneur. In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating a model for fostering entrepreneurial mentors in Iran. The statistical population of the research is entrepreneurial mentors in Iran, 384 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The measuring instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was carried out using the expert opinions of entrepreneurship expert professors and mentors. Its reliability was also calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After collecting and categorizing the data, the descriptive and inferential statistics method was used in the SPSS20 software environment and also to extract the structural equation model from the Smart PLS3 software. The results obtained from the relationships between the components of the entrepreneurial mentor model showed that the strongest relationship is related to "family support - personality traits" with a path coefficient of 0.832 and the weakest one is related to "promotional activities - market knowledge" with a path coefficient of 0.130. The findings indicate that the two factors of mentoring knowledge and mentoring competence have a positive and significant effect on the development of entrepreneurial mentors at the 99% confidence level.

Today, agricultural start-ups play a vital role in the country's economy; hence, one of the concerns of the policy makers is to develop this type of business leading to expansion of innovation and flourishing the local and national economy. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the effective arrangements on agricultural start-ups development in Iran. The statistical population of this research consisted of the policy and decision makers in the field of agricultural start-ups, experts and activists in the ecosystem, agricultural start-ups and owners of agricultural start-ups in the country, 104 of whom were selected using the Karjesi and Morgan table and random sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, in which its content validity was confirmed by a group of experts. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine its reliability, and indicated its appropriate value. The SPSSV26 and SmartPLSV4 software were benefited for data analysis. The findings of the reflective part of the evaluation model showed that the convergent and diagnostic validity of the constructs were estimated at an appropriate level. Totally, nine factors were identified based on the results of hierarchical components' model on 42 variables of the agricultural start-ups development. These factors included managerial, informational, market oriented, communication network, legal, natural-environmental, infrastructural, governmental-supportive, and educational.

Nowadays, unemployment is regarded as one of the major challenges in developing countries; therefore, experts believe that entrepreneurial Mindset may be the factor that can cope with the unemployment challenge. Then, this study aimed to develop the model of entrepreneurial Mindset for graduates according an interpretative-structural approach. In this regard, the applied and descriptive-correlation method was used and the statistical population included 10 academic experts and successful entrepreneurs of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Interviews with experts were used to identify the components of the entrepreneurial Mindset of graduates, and the interpretive-structural modeling method with Excel software was used to develop the model. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial Mindset model for graduates has 4 levels, including the components (recognition of opportunities caused by technological changes, the ability to use potential opportunities, the ability to present new ideas, providing environment to use entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial self-efficacy) in the first level and the components (entrepreneurial attitude, resilience, internal control, motivation, self-confidence, risk-taking, inspiration) in the second level and the components (need for success, foresight, desire for freedom of action) in the third level and the entrepreneurship education component is in the fourth level and the entrepreneurship education component in the independent cluster, the component of the ability to use potential opportunities in the dependent cluster and the components (recognition of opportunities provided by technological changes, the ability to present new ideas, entrepreneurial attitude, providing environment to use entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial self-efficacy,

Promotion mix is the process of convincing a potential customer to buy a product. Achieving competitive advantage, customer orientation, and promotion mix require the right conditions and conditions, which is one of the factors influencing management leadership style. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of leadership style on promotion mix of dairy products with the mediating role of customer orientation.The research was applied in the field of research in terms of type and it was a survey and according to the type of analysis the results were descriptive and correlational. The population consisted of 1200 employees, experts and managers of Moghan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Company. Using Cochran formula, 291 individuals were selected as sample size by stratified random sampling. Structural equation modeling is used to investigate the relationships between variables using SPSS, LISREL software. The findings showed that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on promotion mix of agricultural products of Moghan Company. The results also show that customer-oriented variables play a mediating role between leadership style and promotion mix. And among the four leadership styles, based on the measurement model supportive leadership has the most impact on promotion mix. According to the findings of this study, leadership style of a person whose behavioral pattern when directing the activities of others and the organization that he / she demonstrates can be effective in promotion mix and customer orientation.

Branding is one of the principles of long-term success in the market. Agricultural products face many challenges for branding, and the main goal of this research is to identify the basic challenges of branding agricultural products. The current research is practical in terms of purpose. The approach used in this research is qualitative and data analysis is done using theme analysis. The participants of the research included brand and branding experts in the university as well as in the field of agricultural products and activities in the field of food products. The data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 16 interviews. Data analysis was done using theme analysis and Atlas.ti qualitative software. Qualitative data analysis showed 185 open codes, 71 central codes and 8 selective codes. The results of the research showed that the basic challenges of branding agricultural products in Iran include challenges in the field of companies and related organizations, challenges in the market field, challenges in the field of ancillary services, challenges in the field of farmers, challenges in the field of consumers, and related challenges. With government support, the challenges are related to the nature of agricultural products and structural weakness in the government.